The Best Classic Wedding Photographers in Rockaway Beach, NY

The Best Classic Wedding Photographers in Rockaway Beach, NY

How do we sort results, including Sponsored Ads and personalized results?


368 Wedding Photographers in Rockaway Beach, NY

Classic
GemHidden gem
Amber Galindo Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $1,400
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY
  • Offer

Hey there, I'm Amber! I’m a NYC Wedding photographer who’s in love with capturing those magical moments that make your day unforgettable. I left my job as a High School Advocate Counselor so that I get to do what I love everyday.

Awarded Best of Zola
I had the pleasure of working with Amber for a surprise engagement photo shoot, and I can't say enough good things about the experience. From the very beginning, Amber was incredibly helpful and attentive in planning the perfect surprise for my now-wife. She went above and beyond to ensure every detail was thoughtfully considered, making the entire process seamless and enjoyable. Amber's professionalism and creativity shined through as she captured beautiful, candid moments that we'll cherish forever. She made us feel comfortable and at ease throughout the shoot, allowing our genuine emotions to come through in the photos. The end result was a stunning collection of photos that perfectly captured the joy and excitement of our special day. If you're looking for a photographer who is not only talented but also genuinely cares about making your experience memorable, I highly recommend Amber. She truly exceeded our expectations, and we couldn't be happier with the photos!
Rafael & M., 2 years ago
Quick responder
Amanda Gomez Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $3,600
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY
  • Offer

Amanda is a NYC-based wedding photographer who works with all kinds of couples — whether you're camera-shy or love being in front of the lens. Her approach is calm, thoughtful, and story-driven, helping clients feel at ease while capturing moments that feel real and meaningful. From timeline planning to the final gallery, she’s hands-on, supportive, and deeply committed to making sure your photos reflect you.

Awarded Best of Zola
Amanda has been our go-to photographer for couple's photos for years, from just-because sessions to our surprise proposal to our engagement photos, and they have come out phenomenal every single time! She's great at teaching couples how to pose (which we definitely didn't know how to do) and does incredibly detailed research on the shoot location beforehand so that she gets all the best possible shots. Amanda is a great communicator who makes sure no detail is overlooked, and overall such a joy to shoot with.
Georgia S., 10 months ago
Quick responder
Chapel Light Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $1,299
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

Chapel Light Studios (formerly Tri State Wedding Pros, name was changed due to way too many companies with that name and it was confusing) based out of Arverne (Queens/LI), New York, offers fantastic photography services for weddings and engagements. Tony C., the face behind the camera lens, has worked professionally in the industry for over 20 years and brings passion, artistry, and heart to every occasion. Through a wealth of experience combined with high-end equipment and creative instinct, he will capture the authentic and heartfelt moments that naturally unfold throughout the day.

Chapel Light Photography was the perfect choice for our wedding photography needs. From the very beginning, their communication was exceptional - they were always available to answer our questions and respond to our messages instantly. On the day of the wedding, the photographers were punctual, professional, and truly didn't miss a single moment, capturing over 12 hours of our special day. The final photos were absolutely stunning, with a beautiful, colorful style that showcased every detail beautifully. We are thrilled with the exceptional value and quality of Chapel Light Photography's work, and would highly recommend them to any couple planning their wedding.
Gloria H., 22 days ago
Jeremy Pineiro Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

My name is Jeremy Pineiro, and alongside my beautiful wife, Maribel, we photograph love wherever your story leads. Based in Queens, NY, we document weddings and engagements for couples who value meaning over perfection—who care less about stiff poses and more about how it felt. Our couples laugh hard, love deeply, and believe their story deserves to be remembered with honesty and heart. We create images that feel like home—timeless, emotional, and deeply personal.

Working with Jeremy Pineiro Photography for our engagement session was such a wonderful experience. From the moment we reached out, their communication was so easy, and they really took the time to listen to what we were looking for, answering all our questions quickly and thoughtfully. They gave us the best recommendations, perfectly matching our Pinterest inspiration, and helped us pick the most beautiful locations. On the day of the shoot, they made us feel completely at ease and guided us through each pose, creating photos that turned out even more stunning than we could have imagined. They were flexible with our schedule and truly went above and beyond to make sure everything was perfect. The final photos blew us away, and we’re so grateful for their incredible work. We can’t recommend Jeremy Pineiro Photography enough! We’re beyond excited for our wedding and can’t wait to see how they capture that special day.
Daniel D., 3 months ago
Quick responder
Emma van Bergen Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $4,200
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

I aim to create an experience for my clients that I’d wish for myself—one driven by empathy, thoughtfulness, attention to detail, and true dedication. As a photographer, I seek out moments of intimacy, connection, and emotion, and strive to create photos that reflect the authenticity of the present while lasting a lifetime. Based in New York City (and born and raised in Queens)!

Emma has been an absolute pleasure to work with over the years. She is professional, detail-oriented, gracious, and highly communicative, which is important when collaborating on something as delicate and important as a wedding day. The quality of her work is simply outstanding - her artistic, thorough, and proactive approach results in stunning, considered photos that beautifully capture the energy, intimacy, and emotion of a wedding day. Emma has a way of being everywhere at once, getting creative angles I never would have imagined, and eloquently documenting all the candid, memorable moments. Emma is truly the sweetest person and is a calm, reliable presence on the wedding day. I cannot recommend Emma highly enough!
Bailey Q., 4 months ago
GemHidden gem
Chace Yang Photo & Video 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $3,800
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

We’re a full-time wedding photography and videography team passionate about capturing love stories and life’s most meaningful moments. My journey began back in high school, when I first discovered photography and fell in love with the idea of recording and sharing genuine emotions. One of the greatest joys for me is seeing people relive their happiest memories through the images we create.

We had the best experience with Chace Yang Photo & Video! Chace and his team were so easy to work with, friendly, professional, and incredibly talented. They made us feel comfortable the whole time and somehow managed to capture every little moment perfectly. The photos and video turned out absolutely beautiful, even better than we imagined. Looking through them brings back all the emotions from our day. We’re so grateful for their hard work and can’t recommend them enough!
JamieT, 5 months ago
Lhundup TP Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $800
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

Hi my name is Lhundup Lhundup. I’m a freelance photographer based in Queens, NY. I started my photography journey in 2014 when I fell in love with landscape and nature photography. I did portraits and events on the side. As more people saw my work the more requests I received. I’ve done engagements, weddings, birthdays, portraits & other events. I also offer photo editing services. I’ve been in this business for 5 years. As a photographer I like to tell a story with my photos and bring those moments to life so my clients can remember their special moments for a lifetime. My goal is to travel the world and continue to pursue my passion.

Awarded Best of Zola
Lhundup TP Photography is a gem. Lhundup is very professional and will put you at ease in every situation. we had our wedding pictures taken by Lhundup and we were blown away by his final work. I would highly recommend him for any event. You will not find more friendlier photographer than him, he is just great!!
Tashi & C., 3 years ago
Quick responder
Cookie Headshots 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $150
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

Welcome to Cookie Headshots, where getting your picture taken is actually a treat. I offer a headshot experience that is equal parts professional and playful. As an actress and director, I know how to coach you to your best angle—and as a cookie lover, I know how to make you smile for real. Whether you need a serious corporate look or a personality-filled acting shot (maybe even posing with a cookie!), I create a relaxed, fun environment where you can let your guard down. My goal? To send you home with a portfolio that gets you booked—and a sugar rush to celebrate.

Maria from Cookie Headshots was an absolute pleasure to work with on our wedding day. From our initial consultation to the final delivery of our photos, she was extremely communicative, easy-going, and friendly. The quality of her work is top-notch - her keen eye and excellent camera skills resulted in beautifully edited pictures that truly captured the joy and special moments of our day. Maria definitely made our wedding day even brighter with her warm presence and talented photography. We could not be happier with the memories she helped us create!
Archie, 2 months ago
Your Beauty Studios 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $1,350
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

2012 I founded a photography company not only to build memories for myself but to build memories for others that cherish it like I do. We cover the New York/Tri-state area and parts of Eastern Long Island. We do destination weddings as well as Traditional and Elopement Weddings. My company received its first exposure on a television show called Mikie Saves the Date broadcasted on the FYI Network. (Episode 7 Kid-Friendly Elegance). We are a family based Photography company with a total 8 employees and our goals is to give client the best service they well deserve.

I highly recommend using Eric. He’s very professional and listen closely to what you want and tries his best to create it. He is punctual and very personable... he makes u feel very comfortable and works with you Using him would be the best investment you will ever make.
Vonetta T., 5 years ago
TrendlineTrending
Alena Kostromia Photography & Video 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $2,000
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

Send inquiry via my web kostromina. co As a wedding photographer and videographer serving New York and New Jersey, my team and I are dedicated to creating authentic, timeless, and emotionally rich visuals that tell the story of your special day. With over 11 years of experience in the industry, we've developed a keen eye for capturing the natural nuances, energy, and relationships that make each wedding unique. Our style combines wedding photojournalism with fine art and fashion photography. We focus on guiding rather than posing, allowing your photos to reflect the genuine essence and emotion of your celebration.

Awarded Best of Zola
Alena Kostromia Photography & Video was an absolute gem to work with for our wedding. From the beginning, Alena was incredibly professional and organized, providing us with a full list of recommended hair, makeup, and second shooting vendors to ensure our day ran smoothly. Her team of photographers, videographers, and a drone operator captured every moment of our wedding beautifully, and we were thrilled with the final photos and video. Alena also went above and beyond by recommending our wonderful wedding planner and florist, making the entire planning process so much easier. Her attention to detail, creativity, and passion for her craft shone through in the stunning imagery we received. We could not be happier with the service and value Alena and her team provided, and we highly recommend them to any couple looking for an exceptional wedding photography and videography experience.
Elan, 5 months ago
GemHidden gem
Rebeca & Andrew 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $8,000
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

We’re a husband-and-wife photography team capturing timeless weddings across New York City, New Jersey, and beyond. With over a decade of experience, we blend an editorial eye with documentary storytelling to create photographs that feel modern yet enduring. From intimate Central Park and NYC skyline weddings to romantic New Jersey garden celebrations and destination weddings worldwide.

Awarded Best of Zola
Rebeca and Andrew were great! From the moment we first reached out to them about booking, they have always been very genuine and helpful. Rebeca was very good with remembering what shots & poses I wanted. We ran behind on timing due to other reasons so I was worried we wouldn't get all the pictures done in time before the ceremony but they were great at making sure we got what we wanted. We got over 100 sneak peak photos a few days after the wedding and so far we love everything! Cannot wait to see more and would recommend R&A to anyone! Also highly recommend doing your engagement photos with them as it was a great way to get to know them & get comfortable before the big day!
Kerry, a year ago
Quick responder
Sarah Aviva Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $3,800
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

Hi! I'm Sarah. Congratulations on taking the next step in your wedding planning! Choosing to work with me earns you more than just a photographer; you get a hype-girl, a dress fluffer, a confidant and a new best friend. Since we are now future besties, here's what you should know about me: My love for portraiture stems from the joy it brings me to make others feel beautiful. Few things make me feel as giddy as photographing weddings, engagements & proposals, and I can't wait to capture the next stage of your love story. My strengths lie in natural lighting, illuminating colors, and catching the candid moments that make you, you.

Awarded Best of Zola
Where do I even begin. Sarah was truly amazing to work with. I had originally sent my fiancé her website because I loved her work, and he ended up reaching out to her to plan everything. From the very beginning she was so responsive and helpful, and she really guided him through the whole process. She made everything so easy for him and was on top of every detail. When we finally met her in person she was even more wonderful than we expected. She is honestly the sweetest. So accommodating, so kind, and just incredibly understanding. She made us feel completely comfortable and relaxed the entire time. The photos are absolutely beautiful. The way she captured the little moments between us is something I will always treasure. Even the preview photos completely exceeded my expectations and I cannot stop looking at them. I am so grateful she was the one who captured such a special moment for us. These are memories we will cherish forever. Thank you so much Sarah!!
Anupriya M., 18 days ago
Quick responder
Eternal Vistas 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $1,200
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY
  • Offer

Hi, I am Bhanu Vee, The creator behind Eternal Vistas. My passion lies in creating an experience where you feel truly at ease, capturing those genuine, unscripted moments that reflect your connection. I specialize in engagement and wedding photography, focusing on your unique love story with a natural, comfortable approach. Instead of stiff poses, I guide you with gentle cues to let your authentic chemistry shine through. I go out of my way and step into wedding planner shoes if that's what my couple needs. Lets Talk !

Awarded Best of Zola
Bhanu and his team totally knocked it out of the park as our wedding photographers! Right from the start, they were so easy to talk to, like chatting with old friends and they walked us through all the tough choices, like picking out the perfect wedding decor. Everything looked drop-dead gorgeous because of them. And their photos? Oh my gosh, they’re beyond amazing ! every shot just bursts with the love and crazy joy of our big day. They even hooked us up with a the coolest cake designer, which looked great in the pics. They made everything feel so us, you know? We’re over the moon with the memories they captured, seriously, every glance at that first-dance photo takes us right back to giggling and spinning around the dance floor. If you’re planning a wedding, you’ve got to go with Eternal Vistas. Trust me, you won’t regret it !
Henry W., a year ago
Quick responder
Liza Lavine Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $3,200
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

I am a wedding photographer based in Providence, Rhode Island. My love for photography began over a decade ago and has been an integral part of my creative journey ever since. With a solid foundation in fashion photography, I bring a unique perspective to capturing weddings. Five years ago, I shot my first wedding, and it was an unforgettable experience. Being part of such a special day and bringing joy to my couples is incredibly important to me. I am passionate about capturing the most intimate and significant moments of your wedding day, ensuring that each photograph tells the unique story of your love.

Awarded Best of Zola
Liza helped to capture our perfect day exactly how we had hoped. She was so diligent about every thing we wanted and never hesitated to get the perfect shot, and EVERY shot was perfect. Nearly all of our guests have complimented how well she did and how well she captured the essence of us, our guests, and the night. She was incredible to work with and truly made us feel comfortable in every setting we took photos. I would recommend her to any and everyone. So much love and gratitude to her!!
Kayla M., 5 months ago
TrendlineTrending
Ashley Cynthia Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $2,800
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

* PLEASE INQUIRE ON WEBSITE* HEY! I'M ASHLEY! Aka, Your Professional third wheel! I am so happy you dropped by! I am a uber bubbly, warm hearted, person who loves to order 3 drinks at Dutch Bros and say its for other people but really its just for me. When I am not spending my lifes savings at Dutch Bros, I am professionally following peeps in love and photographing their stories. I am a lover of true crime and murder podcasts! (But I mean who isnt! I just cant help it!) FUN FACT: I speak switzerdütsch, aka a German slang. My mom is originally from Switzerland and my dad from Jamaica, so you know I am always hungry for adventures!

Awarded Best of Zola
It was so great working with Ashley and her team. She brought the best energy and made us all feel so comfortable in front of the camera. She was so nice and thoughtful throughout the whole experience and had great communication. She made taking pictures feel so fun and not forced. She always got whatever shots we wanted and more!!
Taylor S., 9 months ago
Quick responder
Michael Haller Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $3,600
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

I started working as a photographer because I'm passionate about helping people showcase who they are and what they have to offer. I work to remove myself from the equation and let my clients take the spotlight. It's thrilling to jump into a session and come out on the other side having learned beautiful new things about a person. When behind the camera I'm coaching you ever step of the way - helping you feel comfortable enough to let your true self emerge.

Awarded Best of Zola
We are beyond thrilled with how our wedding photos from Michael turned out! He did an amazing job capturing everything we asked for, from standard portraits, to fun candids throughout the day, to the beautiful scenery at our venue. Michael is a joy to work with and brings so much energy and excitement to his craft (including laying down in the wet grass to capture our late-night cornhole pictures)!
Danielle C., 5 months ago
Quick responder
East River Photographer 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY
  • Offer

Hi, I am Patricia! East River Photographer is my Brooklyn based photography servicing NYC. I specialize in multi-cultural weddings, micro-weddings & elopements. As your wedding photographer, I want to tell your story in beautiful, vibrant images that capture poignant moments, with a touch of drama, whimsy & lots of feels in a modern way. You will find that I will celebrate your day with you and offer gentle guidance when needed. If you are nervous about not knowing what to do or how to pose, I have you covered! My goal is to help you feel comfortable, relaxed, looking your best while allowing you to enjoy your day.

Awarded Best of Zola
East River Photographer was great to work with for our wedding. They communicated primarily through Zoom calls and emails, which was convenient for us. Their packages offered good value, and they were flexible in customizing a package that fit our needs. The pictures they captured turned out beautifully and they were able to get excellent coverage of our special day from start to finish. We're thrilled with the final photos and would highly recommend East River Photographer to other couples planning their wedding.
Kat R., a year ago
Quick responder
Ever After by Evelyn 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $2,700
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

Formally EHR Photography. I am so excited that you're considering me for your wedding! I freaking love everything about weddings, and I'm so stoked to be a wedding photographer. I know you have tons of options, but I think if you go with me, you're going to be super happy!

Awarded Best of Zola
Evelyn did our engagement and wedding photos; we couldn't be happier with her work! She was prompt and communicative throughout the booking, asking important questions and being flexible with our plans and needs throughout the whole process. The platform to coordinate payment and view photos were so easy to use. When taking photos, Evelyn brought a sense of calm and fun that made it easy to be comfortable and guided. Neither of us had been photographed before, so we were nervous about posing or interacting with the camera. Evelyn was perfect in giving instruction, offering ideas about poses, and letting us say yes or no if it wasn't our style. She put us at ease while she chatted with us about her and asked questions about our life relationship - it's so easy to bond with her about living in New York City and loving our dogs! Most importantly, she captured the candid moments and closeups of the little details of our day and kept snapping shots that were a true reflection of the spirit of our relationship. When we received our photos, we were blown away at how EVERY photo in our gallery was one that we would print right away! Even our formal photos with family included some candids that made us laugh and smile! She took so many pictures and you can tell she put so much thought into choosing and editing photos to tell the story of our wedding day. Everyone at our wedding said she was polite, kind, and a welcome presence at our intimate ceremony. We could not agree more and would wholeheartedly recommend EHR Photography to anyone who wants a true professional and artist. Thank you Evelyn!!!
Anne B., 2 years ago
Quick responder
Alex Kol Photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

I’m Alex, a wedding photographer with 10 years of experience. My approach blends classic elegance with a documentary style, capturing both posed and candid moments that reflect the authentic atmosphere of your wedding day. Whether it’s an intimate ceremony or a larger event, I’ve had the privilege of telling love stories through my lens. Clients appreciate my attention to detail and seamless process. From guiding you through natural poses to capturing spontaneous emotions, I ensure that every important moment is beautifully documented, creating a wedding album that you’ll treasure for years to come.

Alex Kol Photography was a pleasure to work with for our engagement. Their communication style was quick, professional, responsive, helpful, and understanding throughout the entire process. The quality of their work and value was fantastic - they were organized, professional, and captured elegant, chic photos that beautifully documented our special event. Alex was able to go with the flow, help keep things relaxed, and get all the shots we wanted. He also showed up early to set up, which was so important when working with so many moving parts. We highly recommend Alex Kol Photography to any couple looking for an exceptional enegagment or wedding photography experience.
Margaret K., 2 months ago
Quick responder
Whitt Photography and Film 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $3,498
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY
  • Offer

You deserve wedding photos and films that feel natural, joyful, and completely like you. The real laughs. The quiet hand squeezes. The moments you will want to relive for years. We’re Hannah and Matt, a husband and wife photography and film team based in North Carolina and traveling nationwide. Our approach is true to life and relaxed, focused on helping you feel comfortable so nothing feels forced or awkward. From the first email to the final gallery, we keep things easy, clear, and genuinely fun so you can soak it all in.

Awarded Best of Zola
Whitt Photography and Film were an absolute pleasure to work with for our wedding! From our initial consultation to the day of the event, Hannah and Matt were incredibly hospitable, kind, and genuine in their communication. They were always on time and made sure to put us at ease throughout the entire process. The quality of their work was truly outstanding - the photos and videos they captured were beautiful, exciting, and incredibly creative. Hannah and Matt were very intentional in the way they interacted with us and also made us feel very comfortable in front of the camera. We are thrilled with the final product and would highly recommend Whitt Photography and Film to any couple looking for a talented and professional photography team to capture their special day.
Alana A., a year ago
Quick responder
The Hobbyist Studio 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $849
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY

Hey there, I'm Jordany Almonte, but you can call me "Jordan" – a friendly guy based in the state of New Jersey with a passion for life and a big heart for family. I take immense pride in being a devoted husband and a proud father; they are the driving force behind everything I do. To me, photography is more than just capturing images; it's a way of feeling, touching, and loving the world around me. What I capture in the film holds the essence of the moment, preserving memories that we can cherish forever. Those little things, often overlooked, can bring floods of emotions long after our other memories have faded.

Awarded Best of Zola
We had such a great experience working with Jordany for our wedding! From the very beginning, he was professional, kind, and clearly passionate about what he does. On the day of the wedding, he made us feel completely at ease, blending in seamlessly and capturing everything so naturally. The final photos are absolutely beautiful — emotional, artistic, and full of the small, meaningful moments we’ll treasure forever. He truly has a gift for storytelling through his lens. We’re so grateful for his work and would highly recommend Jordany to anyone looking for a talented and thoughtful photographer who brings both skill and heart to such a special day.
Diana B., 8 months ago
Quick responder
Julia Karpyshyn photography 

5.0

  • Classic style
  • Starts at $2,300
  • Serves Rockaway Beach, NY
  • Offer

Hi, I’m Julia — a wedding and love story photographer capturing engagements, elopements, and weddings in a natural, artistic way. I create soft, light-filled, timeless imagery that preserves genuine emotion and real connection, while still adapting to each couple’s vision and personality. With over a decade of experience documenting weddings, I’ve learned how to anticipate meaningful moments before they happen and keep the day feeling calm and effortless for you. Your wedding day should feel joyful and fully present — never rushed or overly posed.

Awarded Best of Zola
Julia is truly the BEST photographer out there and she makes everyone look SO GOOD!! We booked her for both our engagement session and our wedding because we loved her so much! She is so skillful at finding beautiful angles and working with natural lighting, and she was great at directing us with suggested poses that didn’t look forced or unnatural. She was also really easy to work with: we met up beforehand to communicate our vision and discuss the kinds of photographs that we wanted for the engagement session and we did that again for our wedding. On our wedding day Julia brought her husband Leo who is also a photographer to assist her and they came early in the morning to begin taking scenery photos, details, and other things while the rest of us got ready. She was there with us throughout the entire day all the way til the end of the evening and she went out with us to take some sunset photos in the middle of the reception, which turned out so beautifully! Finally, Julia was super prompt at sending us the final photographs, which I know she worked hard on because there were A LOT! We can tell that Julia truly enjoys what she does and really wants to get the best photos possible so she always goes above and beyond. I think the phenomenal photos that we’re sharing here can speak for themselves. She was such a joy to work with and we can’t wait to find some other excuse to hire her again!!
Nancy L., 2 years ago

About wedding photographers in Rockaway Beach, NY

What types of photographers are in Rockaway Beach, NY?

What other Rockaway Beach vendors will I need?

What other photographers are nearby?

What other wedding services are nearby?