The Best Wedding Florists in Luray, SC

The Best Wedding Florists in Luray, SC

How do we sort results, including Sponsored Ads and personalized results?


53 Wedding Florists in Luray, SC

Quick responder
Something Borrowed Blooms 

4.9

  • Starts at $250
  • Serves Luray, SC

Something Borrowed Blooms is the premier rent-and-return floral and décor company in the U.S., offering beautifully curated premium silk floral collections. Couples who choose to rent typically save up to 70% compared to the cost of traditional fresh flowers. Our collections include everything you need for your wedding day, from bridal and bridesmaid bouquets to boutonnieres, garlands, centerpieces, aisle markers, cake flowers, swags, flower combs and crowns, wedding décor, and more. Each design is thoughtfully curated to create a cohesive, elevated look from ceremony to reception.

Awarded Best of Zola
We rented flowers through Something Borrowed Blooms and went with the Jane collection. Flowers were lower on our tier of priorities, so this worked well for us. It was easy to book, rent, and send them back. The one downside was that they changed what the collection looked like between when I booked the flowers and when I received them, and there was no option to go back to the original. They changed the bridesmaids’ flowers to be more floral, when I chose the Jane collection due to the greenery. As flowers weren’t specifically important to me, this wasn’t that big of a deal, but it didn’t feel great to not be able to get what we originally wanted and paid for. After reaching out to them about this issue, we did get a 50% discount on the bridesmaid flowers.
Karen G., 6 months ago
Quick responder
Flower Moxie – Do-It-Yourself Wedding Flowers 

4.9

  • Starts at $350
  • Serves Luray, SC

In 2013, 8-year wedding veteran Amy McCord Jones realizes she wouldn't be able to afford to hire her own floral services if she was a bride. Then, Amy discovers that there is basically zero help available for DIY brides. No flower recipes. No instructions. No access to florist-grade blooms. Rude. So she launches Flower Moxie! Flower Moxie remains a humble, tucked-away small business out of Oklahoma City. We don’t zoom around on scooters in some fancy high-rise. We stock an average kitchen with canned wine and Aldi chips and listen to true crime podcasts while photographing curvy ranunculus. Join us. There’s cake, hugs, and acceptance here.

Awarded Best of Zola
I used flower moxie to do my florals for my wedding. Overall, I had a great experience. I completed a consult that helped me select the correct florals for my event, quantities, and recipes for my creations. The flowers were delayed by 1 day in delivery, and the delphinium were not able to be used. After sending a picture to flower moxie, they provided a full refund for that flower. The videos were helpful for the prep and my wedding party helped me build arrangements. It was a fun event for everyone to do together. I would highly recommend the consult!
Meghan D., 3 months ago
TrendlineTrending
The Faux Bouquets 

5.0

  • Starts at $175
  • Serves Luray, SC

Believe it or not, we often have people ask if our pictures throughout our website are showing a mix of fresh and faux and…no they aren’t! Although fresh florals are pretty, we are totally in love with poser-blooms all the way here and that’s what we design 100% of our orders with.

Awarded Best of Zola
The Faux Bouquets was a fantastic florist to work with for our wedding. They had a straightforward, welcoming, and responsive communication style that made the entire process easy and stress-free. Their floral designs were elegant, affordable, and fully customizable to our preferences. They created a beautiful customized bouquet for my wife's bridal flowers and an elegant arch for our wedding ceremony. They even made last-minute adjustments to ensure we had the best possible designs. All of this was provided at an amazing price, and they even gave us a discount for being a local wedding. We highly recommend The Faux Bouquets to any couple planning their big day.
Matthew and K., 4 months ago
Quick responder
Wood & Word Blooms, sola wood floral designs (faux not fresh) 

5.0

  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Luray, SC
  • Offer

🌹 WE ARE NOT FRESH FLOWER FLORISTS. WE WORK WITH WOOD & FAUX FLOWERS. PLEASE ACKNOWLEDGE THIS IN YOUR REPLY. 🌹 Wood & Word Blooms is run by a Jen Angle, former teacher of 20+ years and specializes in using hand-painted wood flowers along with a faux, dried and preserved florals (nothing fresh here) to bring your wedding vision to life not just for that one glorious day but forever. Besides designing for you, I also offer DIY Wood Flower Experiences to create your wedding florals alongside me in person or virtually and 1:1 sessions to help DIY brides learn to do it themselves.

Awarded Best of Zola
Jen was absolutely amazing! Everything is customized to what flowers and colors you want. Jen is very go with the flow, but also can also make suggestions based on her experience. She was great when I needed to either add or subtract things as we got closer to the wedding. Overall she is fantastic to work with and the end products are phenomenal. I loved everything we got!
Erin Z., a year ago
Quick responder
VIIVI Floral Studio 

5.0

  • Starts at $5,000
  • Serves Luray, SC

Hello! My name is Sofya and I am a small business owner. I am NOT a larger floral company- what you see is what you get. You will have time to connect and build a relationship with me and I who will be there with you during your wedding day. Although I am not your typical neighborhood florist, my prices are still average but I create luxury with my skills. Minimal investment for full service wedding start from $5000 A-la-carte service minimum investment start from $500 I will be glad to make your wedding beautiful and magical!

Awarded Best of Zola
I absolutely recommend VIIVI to anyone who wants beautiful floral creations for their special day. Sofya is a fantastic communicator, keeping you updated, and very easy to get ahold of. Her goal is to keep you as an integral part of the process. Your vision and ideas (an Pinterest board) are taken very seriously, but she also has wonderful ideas if you don’t know what you’re doing (like some of us)! She was able to easily adjust when I suddenly realized we needed another centerpiece without problem. She also strives to keep the costs sensible, by repurposing when possible. She was so helpful setting up and making my day absolutely beautiful. Love her and her work!
Grace T., 3 months ago
TrendlineTrending
Avenue Design Studio 

4.9

  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Luray, SC
  • Offer

Avenue Design Studio is a travel wedding and special event florist, based in the Florida Panhandle and cover the entire East Coast! We have brought beautiful arrangements to our brides since 2015 and are looking forward to continued success in helping our couples make beautiful memories.

Awarded Best of Zola
Avenue Design Studio nailed my wedding florals. They brought my vision to life perfectly—the arrangements were fun, unique, and effortlessly cool, exactly what I had hoped for. Every detail felt intentional and beautifully designed. If you want florals that are both stunning and creative, they do not disappoint. Be sure to really iron out the proposal before wedding weekend so you know exactly what you’re getting!
Caitlin S., 10 months ago
Quick responder
The Petal Bar 

5.0

  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Luray, SC

Ever since I did the florals for my own wedding in May 2021, I fell in love with the beauty that flowers hold. The Petal Bar exists to bring beautiful flowers to your biggest day. All the way up until your wedding day, I want to be your friend and your advocate as I come alongside your vision to create a beautiful day!

She was my favorite vendor by far! I loved meeting Hope and going through the process with her. She understood my vision, helped keep me within budget, and I trusted her with everything! I loved my florals, book her!!
Jessica M., a year ago
Quick responder
Bloom Culture: Do-it-yourself Wedding Flowers 

4.9

  • Starts at $350
  • Serves Luray, SC

Bloom Culture helps couples DIY their wedding flowers with confidence — even if you’ve never arranged flowers before. We ship wholesale flowers to your door and provide a full plan that shows you what to order, how much you need, and how to put everything together. You’ll know exactly how many stems go into each bouquet, centerpiece, boutonniere — and how to assemble them step-by-step. Choose one of our DIY flower kits or get a custom plan based on your colors, style, and budget.

Awarded Best of Zola
The flowers (on our order) came in large boxes, but they were not labeled, so it took a minute to get the flowers both identified and properly set up. To be fair we were warned about the process, but not about the length of time due to our inexperience. As a note, it took my fiancé 5 hours to process the flowers when first receiving them. I also did not have any updates from them from the time I ordered till they were being shipped. They were beyond more affordable compared to other florists, and the flowers arrived alive and in good spirits. We were able to keep the flowers alive for over four days!! Many of the flowers that we chose did not have specific instructions, so we had to follow the general reference for the flowers and hope for the best. Additionally, some of the flowers that we wanted were not in stock, and they were replaced for us with substitutes but were not notified until we had all of the flowers already delivered to us. Also, as a note, bloom culture uses third party sellers for their flowers, so the quality may vary depending on location. Our flowers were in good condition, and the company we had clearly took good care of the flowers prior to delivering them to us. Would we do it again? Probably not, but it made for good laughs and bonding time and we have stories to tell from it!
Hannah H., 3 months ago
Quick responder
Sweetfield Flowers 

5.0

  • Starts at $3,500
  • Serves Luray, SC

Sweetfield Flowers offers a range of floral products and services designed to elevate any occasion with thoughtful, artistic arrangements. The core of the business focuses on event florals for private events, weddings, and corporate functions. Each event is approached with the understanding that there is power in sensitivity, a philosophy that guides the design process from initial concept to final installation. Every arrangement is crafted with intention, kindness, and meticulous attention to detail, creating environments that are both elegant and inviting.

Awarded Best of Zola
Sweet Field Flowers created an ethereal dream for my daughter’s beach wedding in the simple medium of flowers. Their excellence from vision to execution made the entire process easy. The best part was that when McKenzie and her crew arrived, they went straight to work, allowing me to spend time with my daughter getting dressed and making memories without being pulled away with questions. Sweet Field Flowers elevated the wedding in the form of delicate dahlias, precious peonies, white roses, and a gorgeous assortment of wildflowers. Thank you for being part of the undercurrent that made this special day flow so magnificently.
Elizabeth S., 3 months ago
TrendlineTrending
Bupp Woodworks & Designs - Flower Preservation 

5.0

  • Serves Luray, SC

Welcome to our award-winning flower preservation company, the nation's leading expert in heirloom keepsakes- meticulously handcrafted in small batches. We offer professional flower preservation services so you can cherish your wedding bouquet flowers forever! Accepting fresh, dried, and artificial bouquets from across the USA. All couples welcome. Let us turn your special flowers into a cherished piece of art. Limited availability, book your spot today!

Bupp Woodworks & Designs - Flower Preservation was an outstanding choice for our wedding flowers. From the start, their communication was clear, very responsive, and they thoroughly answered all of our questions. The quality of their work was truly spectacular - we now have beautiful centerpieces for our home that will forever remind us of our special day. The flowers were high quality and exceeded our expectations. We couldn't have been happier with Bupp Woodworks & Designs and would highly recommend them to any couple planning their wedding.
Natalia O., 9 months ago
Quick responder
Fetching Fox 

4.9

  • Starts at $2,500
  • Serves Luray, SC

Fetching Fox is a design business serving the greater Charleston area that specializes in floral and event design. While we predominantly focus on floral work, we have a talented team that can facilitate event styling, planning, and coordination together as a cohesive service for your wedding. For smaller events, we offer boutique sweet and savory foods. Our business is unique in that we offer all components of wedding planning as a "one stop shop" approach. Our work is highly artistic with a strong emphasis on original design work and attention to detail.

Awarded Best of Zola
The florals were exactly what I envisioned and so beautiful!!!
Lauren J., 7 months ago
Pinewood and Petals 

5.0

  • Starts at $500
  • Serves Luray, SC

My name is Jordy, and I am the owner of Pinewood and Petals! I grew up in Summerville, SC where P&P is established. I'm actually a full time marine biologist, and have always wanted to be a marine biologist since I was a kid. Sharks are my favorite animals - I have always been infatuated with them. I began making wood flowers for my own wedding, where I made all of my bouquets and flower arrangements. I wanted something unique, affordable, and gorgeous that told a story. A story that I could stand behind and which aligns with my career Mission and goals. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and a Sustainable, eco friendly option to flowers 🐬🌊🦈❤️

Awarded Best of Zola
Pinewood and Petals were an absolute joy to work with for our wedding flowers. From our first call, her communication was quick, personable, and she was clearly excited to help bring our vision to life. The final product was pristine, elegant, and simply stunning - the bouquets, centerpieces, and flowers on our cake were all breathtaking. The flowers were the perfect complement to our special day, and we received so many compliments from our guests on how beautiful everything looked. We couldn't have asked for a better florist, and would highly recommend Pinewood and Petals to any couple planning their wedding.
Cristin, 4 months ago
Quick responder
Pick A Bloom-Preserved & Dried Florist-Shipped Nationwide 

5.0

  • Serves Luray, SC

Pick a Bloom was founded on love and laughter in small-town Surry, Virginia by us, a mother daughter duo, who wanted to see our vision of fresh flower alternatives bloom to life. We work primarily with 100% REAL preserved and dried flowers and foliage.

Awarded Best of Zola
I had the pleasure of working with Pick A Bloom-Preserved & Dried Florist-Shipped Nationwide for my wedding bouquet, and I couldn't be happier with the results. From the moment I placed my order, their communication was on time, clear, and informative, making the process seamless. The quality of their work and attention to detail was truly exceptional - my bouquet stayed fresh and vibrant for a full year after my wedding! I was able to keep it safely stored in the box they provided, and it looked exactly as I had imagined, if not better. One of the most special touches was that they incorporated a piece of my late mother into the bouquet, which meant the world to me. All of our guests raved about the beautiful preserved flowers. I highly recommend Pick A Bloom to any couple looking for a florist that will go above and beyond to make your special day truly unforgettable.
Daviana L., a month ago
Quick responder
Bent Creek Bouquets 

4.9

  • Starts at $200
  • Serves Luray, SC

We are a husband and wife duo who share a passion for connecting with people and reflecting the stunning beauty of God's creation. Our mission is to create arrangements that are as unique as the stories and lives we are blessed to be part of. We handcraft each piece with meticulous care and attention to detail, ensuring it’s perfect for your special moments.

Awarded Best of Zola
We used Bent Creek Bouquets for all of our wedding flowers! They were very responsive and easy to work with. They worked hard to make our flowers to our specifications. All 5 bouquets and 5 boutonniere’s arrived on time in perfect condition.
Alex B., 2 years ago
TrendlineTrending
Rainey Day Bouquets 

4.1

  • Starts at $1,100
  • Serves Luray, SC

As I prepare for my own wedding in April of next year, I was taken aback by the exorbitant costs associated with floral arrangements. Quotes ranging from $6,000 to $7,000, with a minimum commitment of $4,000, were simply unfeasible for me. This led me to explore alternative solutions, and I discovered a passion for creating my own florals. I was delighted to find that I had a knack for it! This experience sparked the idea to launch my faux floral rental business, driven by the belief that beautiful wedding florals shouldn't come with an astronomical price tag. My goal is to make stunning arrangements accessible to all.

Awarded Best of Zola
While I didn’t use her for a wedding — I most certainly will once I get married! Morgan’s floral arrangements are so well done that I asked to purchase some to decorate my home. Her customer service and attention to detail is out of this world. 10/10 recommend.
Willie M., a year ago
Quick responder
Anthology On Main | Book Page Flowers 

5.0

  • Starts at $2,500
  • Serves Luray, SC

Anthology On Main is an alternative paper florist, specializing in flowers handmade from book pages! I handcraft your wedding flowers from the pages of your favorite books, using your favorite flowers (no matter the season) and in your colors that coordinate with your wedding palette. Although my studio is based in Kansas, I ship flowers all over the US. Your flowers will stay beautiful long after your wedding day, with no preservation needed, for meaningful keepsakes that last for decades. Whether you’re planning a full wedding or an intimate elopement, I’ll work with you to bring your vision to life with artistry and meaningful details.

Awarded Best of Zola
Katie was amazing to work with! She helped tailor our flowers to keep within our budget, and they came out AMAZING. I'm so happy I get to keep them as an amazing keepsake. Everyone at the wedding was floored that they were paper and not real. And having quotes from our favorite books to look at all day was just a memorable experience.
Joanna L., 3 months ago
TrendlineTrending
Flora Designs 

5.0

  • Starts at $100 per arrangement
  • Serves Luray, SC

Hi! I am a full service florist in Charleston, SC and the surrounding area. I love to create floral moments that make your special day unforgettable and undeniably stunning. Flowers have been my passion since I can remember, and I love being able to share them with others!

Hannah did an absolutely beautiful job with the florals for my June wedding in Charleston. She completely brought my vision to life. Hannah was even so kind as to incorporate a special piece of jewelry into my bouquet for us as a way to honor my dad. Excellent communication throughout and easy to work with. Would highly recommend!
Shannon M., 2 years ago
Quick responder
J+M Event Co 

4.8

  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Luray, SC

At J+M Event Co, we believe the best things in life are worth celebrating! We would love to customize your perfect wedding. We provide fresh and faux floral, decor rentals and set up, and coordinating packages. We can’t wait to meet you!

I connected with J&M about 4-5 months out from the wedding through my wedding coordinator. They had some pics of past work, not much that was really my style, so I was nervous about that but they assured me they could customize anything to my taste. Since they didn’t have what I was looking for they said they would order what I wanted. The problem started when to secure my date they required I sign a contract for a specific number/type of center pieces (charging a set price/centerpiece) before I had my venue booked. I ended up needing to change the numbers we had agreed on when I finally booked my venue because we had estimated for the contract since I didn’t know how many of each table size/shape the venue would have. J &M did not want to let me change the numbers on the contract (which we had both agreed at the time we came up with them were only estimates) and only did so once my wedding coordinator contacted them about it. They also were not able to give me any pictures of what my center pieces would look like at any point before the wedding which was a little scary as a bride who likes to have everything planned out well ahead of time. The centerpieces and decorations ended up looking great the day of the wedding, but the whole process was more stressful than I would have preferred. Their communication was mainly through email and often they would not reply for over 24 hours, which was frustrating if we needed to have a 2-4 email exchange about something because it could take days to resolve a simple question. Their pricing is very competitive in the market and the work they did ended up looking amazing, but overall working with them added a lot of stress to my planning process. They also did my bouquets and decorated the arch I provided and those two aspects came out looking wonderful as well. I would recommend them if you are super chill and don’t care to be involved in any details and have your venue booked by the time you contact them.
Rebecca, a year ago
Quick responder
Calla Lane Florals 

5.0

  • Starts at $500
  • Serves Luray, SC

At Calla Lane Florals, we believe flowers should feel like you. Every arrangement tells a story, and we’re here to make sure yours is filled with color, texture, and meaning. Whether you’re planning an intimate elopement in the mountains or a celebration in the front range, we craft florals that reflect your vision, your love, and your personality. Our designs are never one-size-fits-all — they’re thoughtfully created to match your style, your space, and your day.

Calla Lane was so great and our flowers turned out beautifully - better than I could have ever expected. They made sure that they understood what I wanted and brought my idea to life. We are so grateful for their expertise and artistry!!
Mattie G., a year ago
Quick responder
Poppies & Peonies Floral Design 

5.0

  • Starts at $3,500
  • Serves Luray, SC

At Poppies and Peonies, we understand your wedding day is one of the most memorable moments of your life. We cherish ensuring that every moment, from the walk down the aisle to the last dance, is orchestrated with grace and precision, while providing curated floral arrangements which perfectly match your vision and enhance the beauty of your celebration

Awarded Best of Zola
Poppies & Peonies Floral Design was an absolute dream to work with for our wedding. From the very first meeting, they were responsible, creative, attentive, and caring in their communication style. The quality of their work was amazing - the florals they created were truly beautiful, artistic, and creative. They went above and beyond the call of duty, utilizing the florals I had already purchased in multiple unique and thoughtful ways. I cannot recommend Poppies & Peonies enough - they provided both professional and personal attention that made our special day even more perfect. Their conscientious approach ensured the florals were exactly what we had envisioned.
Beth B., 2 months ago
Quick responder
Garden And Grace Florals 

5.0

  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Luray, SC

Garden and Grace Florals has built a reputation around bringing approachable, fun style to luxury floral artistry. Accepting a limited number of clients each year ensures a level of customer service that is unparalleled. G&G is known for creating bespoke floral installations in particular, and has been featured in MSN, PBS, Elle Taiwan, Zola, Wedding Chicks, and many more. Owner Ashley Rodriguez has been featured as a Mayesh Design Star and currently has a pilot TV episode now airing on the BloomTV Network. At G&G, our goal is to make the design process as fun as it is beautiful.

Garden And Grace Florals provided a straightforward, no-fuss approach that really put me at ease during the florals planning process. They clearly laid out all my options and helped me walk through my vision, ensuring they covered all the bases in a cost-effective way. The unique and custom bouquets they created were stunning, and their work customizing the disco dance floor was a huge hit. Flowers and floral decor were the most intimidating part of planning for me, but Garden And Grace gave me confidence and helped me let go - I just shared my likes and dislikes, and they made it all come to life beautifully with coastal and fall themes. I'm so grateful for their expertise and attention to detail.
Sarah K., a month ago
Quick responder
Penny Posies 

3.0

  • Starts at $600
  • Serves Luray, SC

Bringing dreams of floral concepts into tangible art for weddings, events, parties and such. Penny Posies is floral design/consultant/coordinator hire specializing in affordable to luxe custom designs/ambiance for all types of local and travel services including high-end weddings and private events. Made per order, each design is fashioned with perfected sophistication in mind often described as a gorgeous presentation of Jane Austen elegance within a modern twist. Perfection is the goal, dreamy elegance is our standard. We want you to dream big. Local and travel packages range from intimate events to large Biltmore-ish grandeur availability!

Penny Posies was a pleasure to work with for our wedding flowers. She worked around my schedule and even made sure I had the correct number of boutonnieres. Penny captured my vision perfectly and delivered beautiful florals within my budget. She came and set everything up on the day of the wedding, which was a huge help. I would highly recommend Penny Posies to any couple looking for an experienced affordable and reliable wedding florist.
Jayla A., a year ago
TrendlineTrending
Pine and Petal Weddings - WOOD FLOWERS 

5.0

  • Starts at $200
  • Serves Luray, SC

WOOD FLOWERS that last a lifetime. At Pine & Petal Weddings, we believe flowers should endure as long as the memories they celebrate. Our handcrafted sola wood bouquets and décor go beyond fleeting blooms—capturing your story in pieces that last for years. From walking down the aisle to gifting a friend or gathering around the table, our wooden flowers are keepsakes that bring joy, comfort, and timeless beauty to life’s most meaningful moments.

I can’t say enough good things about Pine and Petal Wood Flowers! I had the absolute pleasure of working with Vanessa Ward throughout the entire process, and she was incredible. I was completely lost when it came to choosing colors and styles, but Vanessa helped me pick shades that perfectly matched my wedding color scheme and flowers that suited my taste beautifully. She was so communicative, kind, and accommodating—especially when I needed my flowers made and shipped on a tight timeline. Everything arrived on time and looked stunning! I would highly recommend Pine and Petal to anyone looking for elegant, timeless, and long-lasting floral arrangements. We plan to have our bouquet proudly on display as a beautiful reminder of our wedding day, and I couldn’t be happier with how everything turned out!
Kayla J., 2 months ago
GemHidden gem
Free Flow Florals 

5.0

  • Starts at $2,500
  • Serves Luray, SC

***CLICK ON GLOBE ICON UNDER PROFILE PHOTO TO FILL OUT FLORAL DESIGN INQUIRY FORM. WE WILL ONLY RESPOND VIA BY FORM.*** If you would like us to get started on planning directly, we ask that you kindly fill out the form and one of our team members will get back to you as soon as possible!

Great choice! Glad we picked them for our wedding. Excellent service!
James T., a year ago
TrendlineTrending
Carlson and Co. 

5.0

  • Starts at $55 per arrangement
  • Serves Luray, SC

Carlson & Co. is a florals, and rentals company providing the ultimate in products and design to its clients throughout the Savannah area and wherever our services are needed. We are a one-stop shop filled with talent, ready to ensure our clients event/wedding is nothing short of amazing.

James has the best team I have ever worked with. I have never had so much fun spending so much money because the result was incredible. We had the best wedding experience and Angela, James, and the whole team of professionals he partnered with us made it outstanding.
Dickey B., 4 years ago
Quick responder
Sweetleaf Floral 

5.0

  • Starts at $4,000
  • Serves Luray, SC

🌿 Wedding Floral Design based in Charleston, South Carolina and serving the entire Lowcountry. Fresh, organic, timeless styles. Full set-up, breakdown, and delivery for a seamless, stress free day! Inclusivity, sustainability, and celebrating love is the mission! 🌿

While I wasn't in direct communication much with the florist, I was the photographer for a wedding ceremony she did the flowers for and they were GORGEOUS! The bride raved about how incredible the bouquets were and I completely agree. The backdrop for the ceremony was stunning as well - laced with floral arrangements!
Ellen Charis Photography, 4 years ago

Location flexible? Discover florists near Luray, SC

About wedding florists in Luray, SC

What types of florists are in Luray, SC?

What other Luray vendors will I need?

What other florists are nearby?

What other wedding services are nearby?