"It's about the vibes, man" About 2 hours south of the CUN airport, Tulum is a rapidly growing town that was once a Mayan walled city. Tulum has more recently has gained a reputation for it's unique expat-heavy culture. It has a bustling live music scene (think house and techno), lots of vegan dining options, and upscale bohemian eco-friendly shops. There's no shortage of gringo influencers here. There is also an archeological zone where you can tour the Mayan ruins.
Nice colonial town worth a visit if you're going to make the trek to Chichen Itza.
Cozumel is an island easily accessible by ferry from Playa del Carmen known for great snorkeling and diving.
Isla Mujeres is an island about an hour from Cancun including a 30 minute ferry. Luisa says it has the best beaches in the region.
There's an abundance of Cenotes (or natural springs) throughout the area, some busy, some secluded, some underground, search around! Most you have to pay a small fee to access, and most you can swim in. Some you can even dive!
About 1 hour south of the CUN airport, Playa del Carmen is known mainly for white sand beaches, turquoise waters, and a laid back bohemian vibe. The famous 5th avenue is a pedestrian walkway that runs through town and is lined with shops, restaurants, bars and palm trees with twinkly lights.