For those with a bit more time, Cappadocia is an incredible option for a 2-3 day trip. Its famous for hot air balloon rides and amazing landscapes make it worth the visit. You will need to fly here, but plenty of options leave from Bodrum and Istanbul.
Ephesus, located about 2-3 hours from Bodrum, is well known for its well-preserved ruins. Highlights include the Library of Celsus, the Grand Theater, and the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.